Located in the north of the Sultanate it neighbours the Emirate of Ras Al Khaima in the west, the Emirate of Sharjah in the north and the Emirate of Fujairah in the South. IIt contains about 10 villages. Human settlement there goes back more than 3,500 years. There are many ancient rock paintings, making it into a natural museum, with drawings which go back to before Islam. There are also paintings and writings which go back to the first centuries of the Hijra. In addition there are a number of ruins which date back to the Iron Age and the years between 1000 and 1500 years B.C. The Wilayat is famous for a number of secret storage places, beneath the earth, which the people there call "Makhazan Al Jahal".
In addition there is an abundance of graves, the most outstanding being the one of Hajar Bani Humaid which has paintings on its white marble tombstone together with the names of the dead. There are also a number of forts, castles and towers in Mudha, Al Ghuana and Hajar Bani Humaid scattered on the mountain tops.
The Wilayat is distinguished geographically by its mountainous nature. It is one of the Omani Wilayats that is irrigated with afalaj and springs; the most outstanding of its falaj is called Al Sheikh Mohammed Bin Salim Al Madhani, its water is cold in the summer and warm in the winter. The afalaj of Al Dair, Al 'Aadad, Al Shariki, Al Muatarad, Al Qaba, Al Ruman, Al Suduq and Al Saruj are other important afalaj. The springs are Al Shariki, Lishmah, Hajar Bani Humaid and Al Samaai, which has sulfurous water - hot in winter and cold in summer. The people of the area use this spring to treat skin diseases.
There are also caves and mountain grottos and trees called "Al Rula" which are distinguished by their great size and age.
Traditional occupations
The Wilayat of Mudha has numerous occupations, industries. Agriculture is at the forefront of the occupations, the most important crops being dates, fruit, citrus fruit, vegetables and wheat, in addition to pasturage and animal husbandry. The most important of the traditional industries are rope making, mats made from palm leaves, sewing, and embroidery etc.